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The estimated risk for rape survivors developing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is 49%. The risk for those beaten or experiencing physical assault is 31.9%, whilst the risk for others who experienced sexual assault is 23.7%. Given these figures, it is no wonder women are more likely to develop PTSD than men, as they are statistically significantly more likely to experience sexual assault.

Post traumatic stress disorder is characterized by intense fear, a sense of helplessness, or horror. It can affect all areas of a person’s life, their emotions, mental wellbeing, and physical health. And symptoms are generally worse in situations, like rape and abuse, where the trauma was deliberately initiated against those involved.

A person with post traumatic stress disorder may re-live the traumatic events, having flashbacks or other reminders and images that intrude on their waking hours, or in dreams and nightmares. These reminders may also trigger physical symptoms, such as heart palpitations or chills. Or emotional problems, like anxiety, depression, and dread.

People with post traumatic stress disorder may avoid any reminders of the trauma, whether that is people associated with the experience, or places, or even thoughts of the trauma. They can distance themselves from family and friends, and withdraw from everyday activities and things they used to enjoy.

Relationship problems are common for survivors of rape and sexual abuse. Some survivors avoid intimacy, others avoid sex, and some avoid both, and create patterns in their lives where those coping mechanisms are maintained. But sufferers of PTSD who did not experience any sexual abuse can also have problems in their relationships, or in social situations.

Another characteristic of post traumatic stress disorder is being on guard all the time, and suddenly feeling anger or irritability. There can be problems with sleeping and concentrating, and sufferers may be startled easily. Self destructive behaviours, such as gambling, risky sex, drug use, alcohol abuse, or other problems like dangerous driving, may be present. Depression, disassociation, or other mental health problems can develop.

Not all of these characteristics may be present in PTSD, and the degree to which one experiences them may vary also. And PTSD may not develop until months or years after the trauma. Particularly in relation to abuse in childhood, symptoms of PTSD can pass, then reappear later in life. This can make it difficult to recognize when PTSD is occurring, as survivors may not associate their current feeling and behaviours with pas events.

Each time symptoms appear, however, they provide an opportunity for healing. Post traumatic stress disorder can be treated, using a combination of medication and psychotherapy.

Whilst medications were not thought to help in the treatment of PTSD in the past, they have been found to be beneficial now, probably due to newer ones being available. The SSRI’s (selective serotonin uptake inhibitors) zoloft and paxil are both approved by the FDA for treating PTSD. And newer antidepressants like effexor and serzone are also beneficial, and tend to be used when the patient does not tolerate paxil and zoloft, or those medications aren’t effective.

There are 3 types of psychotherapy that can be used to treat PTSD. These are exposure management, cognitive therapy, and anxiety management. A combination of all 3 may be used, or one individually. Each person is different in what they will respond to.

In exposure therapy, patients confront, in a safe therapeutic environment, the situations, people, and memories associated with the trauma. People with PTSD usually avoid this very thing, but by working through the trauma in this way, exposure therapy is actually very effective at healing PTSD.

Cognitive therapy helps in the process of understanding how our thoughts affect our feelings, and provides ways of shifting negative thinking. Negative thinking can perpetuate a mental prison where joy and interconnectedness is no longer felt. Changing those dynamics can provide a new framework with which to process the trauma, and allow healing to occur.

In anxiety management, skills are learnt that help one cope better with the symptoms and triggers of post traumatic stress disorder. They can help reduce the intensity of the symptoms, though they need to be practised to be effective. Anxiety management techniques can be very helpful in controlling anxiety whilst doing exposure therapy. Some techniques used include relaxation, breathing techniques, assertiveness training, and positive thinking and self talk.

References:

1. ptsdalliance.org/about_what.html

2. ptsd.factsforhealth.org/whatmeds.html

3. nimh.nih.gov/publicat/anxiety.cfm

For more articles on anxiety and depression, click here. Rebecca Prescott runs the article directory, http://www.ArticleHealthandFitness.com

Don’t just sit and lament the state of your body.

There are many exercises to help you lose weight.

Some may find it boring. One way to overcome this is to adopt flexibility in your exercise program.

You could cycle on the first day, walk on the second day and swim on the third day. Ideally, you should exercise daily. If you can’t, you should exercise at least 3 times a week to stay in shape.

In fact it can increase your social life. Pair up with a buddy to jog together with you or join an aerobics class for group interaction. You can also be playing in team sports which add an element of excitement such as basketball, tennis or soccer.

Within each type of exercise you can make it more interesting by changing the location, duration or the intensity.

Aerobic Exercise is the key to losing weight.

What is aerobic exercise ?

It is exercise that requires the intake of oxygen for the production of energy.

Even when we do nothing , we expend energy for the various activities in our body like breathing and digesting.

We draw our energy sources either from stored carbohydrates called glycogen or from fats.

Surprisingly, when we do short burst of high intensity exercise we burn up glycogen instead of fats. Conversely,
the body burns up fats when we embark on low to moderately intense exercise with long duration.

This is crucially important as we get older. Our metabolic rate slows down and our fats accumulate.

There are other benefits of exercise too. You lower the risk of getting cancer and high blood pressure.

You will notice once you start exercising , you ‘ll be more conscious of the type of food you take and have better discipline in food management.

Bottom line , in order to stay in shape , you need to reduce input and increase output. Proper nutrition with regular exercise will let you lose weight.

When you start off , go for a short 10 to 15 minutes walk. You can gradually build up yourself by walking for a longer period of 30 minutes. You can also walk faster or further and you can choose a steeper hill to climb.

Other good aerobic exercises also include swimming and cycling. Swimming is good because water supports your body and you are less prone to injuries. Likewise , like walking you start off with a short 10 to 15 minutes of exercise and gradually build up to at least half an hour. You can also increase your work rate gradually by cycling or swimming faster.

There’s no point in taking diets because your weight loss is a temporary phenomenon.

Strength training exercises also helps to burn fats and build up the muscle mass. The end result is that you become stronger and fitter. Climbing stairs, doing push ups and rowing are some examples of strength training exercises. Weights and dumb bells are also used in strength training exercise. Begin with weights that are not too heavy for you and gradually increase the weight. Later on, you can increase the number of sets of repetitions too.

You can ingrain a culture of exercise in your mindset.

Even if you are too busy to exercise, you can take the flight of stairs instead of using the elevators.

I would suggest a creative and unique fitness workout like Billy
Blanks Tae Bo which is one challenging workout that also teaches self defence. You can find more aerobic workouts at http://www.aerobictotalbodyfitness.com.

One of my greatest problems with the control of my weight is the fact that so much self disipline is needed to achieve any tangible results. Ah, but I hear you saying, “Whats new about that” We all have that problem! Tell us something new!

Well yes we do all know that that is the biggest problem is it not. Lets face it, eating is one of life’s greatest pleasures, and we would be pretty abnormal if this was otherwise.

After all, most of us are “regular” people. How many of us stick to the perfect diet all the time, we all have our struggles with food to a greater or lesser extent. If we can recognize an awareness of this problem, and also make a point of knowing a little bit about our health, and also proper food nutrition, we are then much more likely to make wiser decisions about our choices of food.

Many people struggle with food “cravings,” and reasearch tells us that it is fairly common for food “cravings” to occur at certain times, quite often around bedtime. Your guard may be down, or you may have had an unusually hard day, and off you go on your not-so-merry way, intent on finding that tasty treat. Fatigue and stress often combine to take their toll on the best of intentions, so please don’t worry about it, rest assured you are not alone.

When food “cravings” are out of control, what started out as a bedtime snack, quickly turns into a full blown feeding frenzy…not something most of us fully understand or appreciate. We head to the kitchen and every other possible place where food can hide, quickly clearing a path as we go.
Most food cravings are not about satisfying a nutritional need or imbalance. They seem to be more emotionally related, or God forbid, are caused by plain old gluttony. Exactly why we over-indulge is not completely understood, however our knowledge about this subject continues to grow.

These Are Some Of My Thoughts On How To Control Food Cravings.

If the food isn’t available, you can’t eat it. Empty the cookie jar and keep it that way! Keep healthy food choices on-hand.

It is important to recognize the feelings and emotions that will lead to a food craving. Do you have food cravings when you’re bored, or maybe you are feeling lonely, or is it stress that is the trigger. If you can identify the trigger which leads to that craving, then you are half way to winning the battle, because you will be able to deal with the emotion that is making you desire a certain food.

Sometimes, even recognizing that a craving is about to happen doesn’t seem to help, but please do not give yourself a hard time about it, what is done is done, do not feel guilty because after all there is always tomorrow. Why not call one of your friends and share how you were feeling at that time, because it is a very good idea to make good use of your support network.

Self-control and discipline by themselves will not cut it! If you depend totally on yourself for control, you will fail. Forming caring and supportive relationships is really essential, so if you do not currently have a support network, start building one TODAY.

Get enough sleep. When you are feeling really tired, you are more likely to crave things, and with me personally, it is usually chocolate, possibly you are the same.

Never give up. When you go off the rails, do not despair, get a grip, do whatever is necessary to re-gain control, because you really must get that control back. Try to practice restraint most of the time, but do not get obsessed and un-balanced in your weight loss approach. Think moderation and not total abstinence at all times!

Exercise. This will increase the feel good endorphins that will help cut down on your cravings. Try to get at least 30 minutes of physical activity every day. I hear so many people say that they just cannot fit in any excerise, believe me you can, we are talking about 30 minutes here, at the worst, it will mean you will have to get out of bed that bit earlier.

An early morning brisk walk will do wonders for the spirit and the soul, and will help set you up for the rest of the day!

Use moderation. Instead of stuffing yourself with every kind of food hoping that your cravings will disappear, eat 100 to 200 calories of whatever it is that you happen to be craving for at at that particular moment in time, but you must stop it at that!

Substitute with low-fat foods and complex carbs. If you’re hungry for chocolate, eat non-fat chocolate yogurt or mousse, or try fig bars or raisins for a sweet craving instead. You will be amazed at how this will help.

You must try and never skip a meal. It is much wiser to eat something if even only an apple, every three to five hours. Try six smaller meals, or regular meals with nutritious snacks in between.

Try and remember that hunger cravings are very frequently stress related. Practice other ways to cope with stress, a walk in the park for example, spiritual connections, a cozy fireplace, or even take a bath. You see, all of these stimulate neurochemicals that activate regions of the brain which increases a feeling of well being. Relaxation techniques really can be beneficial in reducing the levels of stress which you may be experiencing.

So the bottom line is to try and substitute pleasurable experiences for comfort foods.

Beware of certain medications which can stimulate your appetite. Certain drugs which are used for the treatment of depression and bipolar disorder can be appetite stimulants. Other drugs, both prescription and over the counter, may influence appetite as well. If you are on a medication and troubled by food cravings, discuss this with your doctor or pharmacist. You may well be able to find an alternative that doesn’t send your food cravings out of control.

Distract yourself. What’s that old expression…idle hands are the devils workshop, so get busy! Do anything other than give in to your desire for food, and keep doing it until the cravings subside.

One final thought for you. Take a look inside your refrigerator and kitchen cabinets and do some general “house cleaning.” Throw-out all that unhealthy stuff that is waiting to sabotage your diet, and start shopping more wisely. A little forethought and careful planning will go a long way for improving your chances of success.

One of my golden rules is that I NEVER go shopping when I am hungry! Absolutely fatal!

So to conclude, remember that control is the key, eat healthily and in moderation at all times, but do not forget that at the end of the day you are only human. If you do give in to temptation, don’t beat yourself up about it, tomorrow is another day, live long, enjoy your life, and most of all be happy!

Marie Gordon is Author and Publisher of “Your Fastest Way To Permanent Weight Loss” the complete solution to all your weight loss problems. You can find out more by visiting
www.howtoloseitfast.com

Most people who develop mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles. However, they may have been been exposed to asbestos dust and fibre in other ways. This could include working with asbestos or by home renovation using asbestos cement products or even by washing the clothes of a family member who worked with asbestos. The resulting disease is rare form of cancer in which malignant (cancerous) cells are found in the mesothelium, a protective sac that covers most of the body’s internal organs.

Mesothelioma occurs more often in men than in women and risk increases with age, but this disease can appear in either men or women at any age. About 2,000 new cases of mesothelioma are diagnosed in the United States each year. Although reported incidence rates have increased in the past 20 years, mesothelioma is still a relatively rare cancer.

There are various procedures used for the treatment of mesothelioma. The type of treatment depends on the location of the cancer, the stage of the disease, and the patient’s age and general health.

A common treatment of the disease is by means of surgery by the removal of part of the lining of the chest or abdomen and some of the tissue around it. For cancer of the pleura, a lung may be removed in an operation called a pneumonectomy. Sometimes part of the diaphragm, the muscle below the lungs that helps with breathing, is also removed.

Another method is Radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy. This involves the use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation therapy affects the cancer cells only in the treated area. The radiation may come from a machine or from putting materials that produce radiation through thin plastic tubes into the area where the cancer cells are found .

Anticancer drugs can be used to kill cancer cells throughout the body. This is known as chemotherapy and involves the administration of the drugs by injection into a vein (intravenous, or IV). Currently, doctors are also studying the effectiveness of putting chemotherapy directly into the chest or abdomen.

Because mesothelioma is very hard to control, the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) is sponsoring clinical trials that are designed to find new treatments and better ways to use current treatments.

Looking for information about Mesothelioma?
Go to: http://www.mesotheliomalegalreview.com
‘Mesothelioma Legal Review’ is published by Linda Woodhouse –
The complete resource directory for Mesothelioma related information, legal services, and products
Check out more Mesothelioma articles at: http://www.mesotheliomalegalreview.com/archive

Sleep is probably best described as the loss of awareness
of what is happening around us. The brain itself never
sleeps and still continues to function, although the
brainwave rhythms are altered and gradually slow as we
approach the deeper stages of sleep. Sleep deprivation
exists when we are not getting the sleep we need. This
varies from person to person, the average adult requires six
to nine hours per night, but some do well on much less. Kids
and teenagers require more sleep than adults. If we feel
energetic during the day and do not experience daytime
sleepiness, then we are probably receiving adequate sleep.

Public awareness of fitness and nutrition has grown over
the past few years but unfortunately little is known about
the very important subject of sleep disorders. They are not
included in general medical training either so the lack of
knowledge is perpetuated. If drowsiness were the sole
disadvantage of sleep deprivation, it would not be such a
serious condition. Unfortunately the consequences are many
and some of them quite worrying. There are both behavioral
and physical symptoms.

Why do we suffer with sleep deprivation? Sometimes its
because we’re so busy that we just don’t have sufficient
time to get the rest we need. Or maybe its because we have
insomnia or one of the other sleep disorders such as sleep
apnea or restless legs syndrome. Or we may be a shift worker
who is forced to sleep during the day and our sleep is not
restful. Whatever the reason is, if we don’t have adequate
sleep we create a “sleep debt” which leads to some or all of
the symptoms shown below. These range from the inconvenient
to the downright dangerous so if you can see yourself in the
symptoms below, its worth trying to establish what is
causing your sleep deprivation we can then work out and how
to address it.

Stress and anxiety

This can be a vicious cycle as while stress can actually
cause our lack of sleep, it is also a result of it.
Fortunately it can be dealt with using the right procedures.
We’ll look at the possibilities and find out what’s causing
it and the correct solution for you.

Anger, irritability and depression

These are all stress related and they can cause
relationship and social problems. The National Sleep
Foundation has said that anger due to sleep deprivation may
be one of the contributing factors to road rage. Depression,
while remaining a complex condition may be described as
anger turned inwards. One answer to these problems may
simply be more or better sleep.

Lack of focus and difficulty in concentrating

The brain looses function as a result of sleep
deprivation. Students in particular fit into this category
as learning requires intense concentration. A study has
found that from the age of puberty, the need for sleep
increases until adulthood.

Short term memory loss

Memory is affected by lack of sleep, this is also a
problem for those trying to study and for those learning new
job skills.

Impaired ability to drive a motor vehicle

Two reasons for this – one is because concentration is
affected, the second because the danger of falling asleep at
the wheel is high. The same goes for anyone who is in charge
of machinery in the workplace. Sleep deprivation can also
cause blurring of peripheral vision. Altogether quite a
deadly cocktail. The danger has been assessed as being close
to that of someone who is affected by alcohol!

Suppression of the immune system

This one is a worry as it leaves us vulnerable to every
infection that happens to be around at the time. People who
are sleep deprived get more colds and flu than those that
are not. Lack of sleep can make you sick!

Probably enough reasons there to convince us to take
action to change our sleeping habits! If lack of time is
keeping us up late, something else may have to be sacrificed
to make sure we get the rest we need. If a sleep disorder is
making your life a misery, don’t despair! There is always
something we can do and knowledge on the subject is
improving all the time.

Want to know how to have better sleep? Find out how. Check out http://www.insomnia-connection.com your resource for detailed information on sleep and curing stress. The author, Wendy Owen, has had a lifetime interest in general and alternative health as well as being an ex insomniac!